Are fiber optic sensors compatible with battery systems?

A reasonable matching is discussed between fiber optic sensors of different range capabilities with battery systems of three levels of scales, namely electric vehicle and heavy-duty electric truck battery packs, and grid-scale battery systems.

What are the applications of fiber optic sensors to battery monitoring?

Applications of fiber optic sensors to battery monitoring have been increasing due to the growing need of enhanced battery management systems with accurate state estimations.

Are optical fibers safe in a battery management system?

Block diagram of the battery management system with FBG internal sensors and low-cost photodetectors [ 165 ]. A few concerns have also arisen about the insertion safety of optical fibers into batteries and the durability of the materials both on the fiber side and the battery electrode side.

Can fiber optics be used in high-value battery applications?

Finally, future perspectives are considered in the implementation of fiber optics into high-value battery applications such as grid-scale energy storage fault detection and prediction systems.

Are low-cost fiber optic sensors commercially viable?

A broader range of applications can become commercially viable as low-cost fiber optic sensors are commercialized in coming years. Three potential applications that we will discuss are passenger electric vehicles, heavy-duty electric trucks, and utility-scale battery energy storage.

Can optical fibers be used in battery monitoring?

Numerous other emerging CO 2 monitoring approaches using optical fibers, such as near-infrared absorption, evanescent wave, and carbon-nanotube-coated FBG sensing, have been recently described, yielding a clear opportunity for further applications in battery monitoring moving into the future [ 15, 16, 17 ].