How do solar photovoltaic cells work?

Solar photovoltaic cells are grouped in panels, and panels can be grouped into arrays of different sizes to power water pumps, power individual homes, or provide utility-scale electricity generation. Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (copyrighted)

What is photovoltaic technology?

Photovoltaic technology, often abbreviated as PV, represents a revolutionary method of harnessing solar energy and converting it into electricity. At its core, PV relies on the principle of the photovoltaic effect, where certain materials generate an electric current when exposed to sunlight.

What is a photovoltaic cell?

With the foundation laid in the realm of semiconductor physics, the chapter navigates towards the tangible manifestations of PV technology—photovoltaic cells. These cells, the building blocks of solar panels, come in various forms, each with its unique characteristics and applications.

Why do solar panels have anti-reflective coatings?

Insulation layer and back sheet: These are under the glass exterior and protect against heat dissipation and humidity inside the panel, which can result in lower solar panel performance . Anti-reflective coating: Increases sunlight absorption and gives the cells maximum sunlight exposure.

What is a photovoltaic effect?

Becquerel, while investigating the behavior of different materials when exposed to light, noted that certain materials generated an electric current when illuminated. This phenomenon, known as the photovoltaic effect, was the key to unlocking the potential of solar energy for electricity generation.

What is a PV inverter?

Devices called inverters are used on PV panels or in PV arrays to convert the DC electricity to AC electricity. PV cells and panels produce the most electricity when they are directly facing the sun.