What are the infrastructure options for a solar PV system?

Infrastructure options include centralized recycling facilities, which capture process efficiency gains from increased scale of operations, and decentralized mobile sorting or initial recycling facilities at the PV installation site, which reduce the burdens of transporting bulky and heavy EOL modules to centralized facilities 74.

Are PV module design changes affecting recycling infrastructure?

Recycling infrastructure is capital-intensive and long-lived, yet significant PV module design changes have been observed in recent years and more are expected.

What is a PV pavement module?

The combination with photovoltaics results in the inherent function of green electricity generation for the pavement, thus transforming it from the energy consumer to producer. The general structure of PV pavement modules from top to bottom consists of the surface transparent layer, the middle functional layer, and the bottom protective layer.

Are photovoltaic solar modules a waste management challenge?

The increasing deployment of photovoltaic modules poses the challenge of waste management. Heath et al. review the status of end-of of-life management of silicon solar modules and recommend research and development priorities to facilitate material recovery and recycling of solar modules.

What is a solar pavement module?

Solmove GmbH in Germany developed a type of PV pavement module with a self-clean profile that rainwater can drain well . A specific structure was designed to optimally direct the sunlight on the solar cells. Besides, some extra functions such as LED lighting, heating, and inductive power transmission were also equipped.

Which solar cells can be used in PV pavement?

Moreover, some emerging solar cells, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) , organic solar cells (OSC) , and perovskite solar cells (PSC) , might be promising and competitive in the PV pavement field with lower cost in the future.