Can PV panels be exported after decommissioning?

Recently, PV panels are often sold as used panels for export after decommissioning, without entering the waste regime at all. Interview results about current decommissioning practices revealed this information, but little statistical data are available.

Does solar PV panel EOL management exist?

Therefore, solar PV panel EOL management is an evolving field that requires further research and development. The key aim of this study is to highlight an updated review of the waste generation of solar panels and a sketch of the present status of recovery efforts, policies on solar panel EOL management and recycling.

What are the two types of PV module dismantling?

Two types of PV module dismantling are distinguished: (1) for PV power plants (large scale), and (2) for BIPV and small home system applications (small scale). As discussed in Section 4.1, utility size PV plants dominate the installed capacity in North America.

What happens if a PV panel fails?

Early failures in the lifespan of a panel have repair and reuse opportunities. PV panels which are repaired can be resold on the world market at a lower market price. As current PV installations reach the final decommissioning stage, recycling and material recovery will be preferable to panel disposal.

Should PV panels be recycled?

As current PV installations reach the final decommissioning stage, recycling and material recovery will be preferable to panel disposal. The developing PV recycling industry typically treats EOL PV panels through separate batch runs within existing general recycling plants. This allows for material recovery of considerable components.

Are PV panels regulated in the EU?

Since 2012, all EU member states have transposed the PV requirements into national law, requiring all producers that put PV panels on the market within the European Union to either operate their own take-back and recycling systems or join what are known as producer compliance schemes.